PESTICIDE HEALTH EFFECTS ON HUMANS

Table Of Contents:

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Organophosphates Carbamates Organochlorines Nitrophenolic and Nitrocresolic Pesticides Chlorophenoxy Pesticides Paraquat and Diquat Thiocarbamates and Dithiocarbamates Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids Arsenical Pesticides Coumarins, Indandiones, and Other Anticoagulants Sodium Fluoroacetate Zinc Phosphide Strychnine and Crimidine Vacor DLP-787 Red Squill Antu and Norbormide Sulfur Dioxide, Formaldehyde, Chloropicrin, Andacrolein Methyl Bromide, Ethylene Oxide and Propylene Oxide Halocarbons Hydrogen Cyanide Acrylonitrile, and Sodium Cyanide

4-Amino-Pyridine Pyridine Chlordimeform Copper Salts and Organic Complexes Cycloheximide Endothall Nicotine Sulfate Acetamides Acetanilides Aliphatic Acids Benzonitriles Les Carbamates Carbanilate Dicarboximides Dinitrotoluidine Compounds Oxadiazolinone Phthalate Pyridazinone Phosphonomethyl Glycine Thiadiazin(ol) Triazines Uracils Urea Derivatives

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ORGANOPHOSPHATES

• Action on Human System: Degrade acetylcholinesterase (an enzyme) in the tissues.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, dizziness, weakness, shaking, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, sweating.
• External Exposure: Minimal rashes but readily absorbed through the skin.
• Chronic Exposure: Loss of appetite, weakness, weight loss, and general feeling of sickness.
• Type of Pesticide: Insecticides, acaricides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: CARBAMATES

• Action on Human System: Reversible changes in acetylcholinesterase enzyme of tissues.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, dizziness, weakness, shaking, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, sweating.
• External Exposure: Minimal rashes but readily absorbed through the skin.
• Chronic Exposure: Loss of appetite, weakness, weight loss, and general feeling of sickness.
• Type of Pesticide: Insecticides, acaricides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ORGANOCHLORINES (CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS)

• Action on Human System: Disrupt function of nervous system, mainly the brain.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, dizziness, weakness, shaking, nausea, excitability, disorientation.
• External Exposure: Minimal rashes but readily absorbed through the skin.
• Chronic Exposure: Some buildup in the fat tissues. May cause nervousness, weakness, and shaking.
• Type of Pesticide: Insecticides and acaricides (HCB is a fungicide).

CHEMICAL FAMILY: NITROPHENOLIC AND NITROCRESOLIC PESTICIDES

• Action on Human System: Toxic to liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, weakness, thirst, excessive sweating, feeling of overall illness. Yellow stain of skin, hair and urine is characteristic.
• External Exposure: Moderately irritating sensations to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Chronic Exposure: Weight loss.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: CHLOROPHENOXY PESTICIDES

• Action on Human System: Irritant to lung, stomach and intestinal linings. Injure liver, kidney, and nervous system.
• Internal Exposure: Prompt vomiting, burning sensation in stomach, diarrhea, muscle twitching.
• External Exposure: Moderately irritating to eyes, skin, and lungs. Chronic Exposure: Do not remain in body; passed out within hours or days.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: PARAQUAT AND DIQUAT

• Action on Human Systsem: Injure skin, nails, cornea, liver, kidney, linings of stomach and intestine, and respiratory system.
• Internal Exposure: Burning pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. External Exposure: Irritates and injures skin and nails.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: THIOCARBAMATES AND DITHIOCARBAMATES

• Action on Human System: Low human toxicity.
• Internal Exposure: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and nasal stuffiness.
• External Exposure: Irritating to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS

• Action on Human System: Very low human toxicity.
• Internal Exposure: Slight toxic reaction.
• External Exposure: Swelling of mouth and throat, irritating to nose, throat, eyes.
• Type of Pesticide: Insecticides, acaricides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ARSENICAL PESTICIDES

• Action on Human System: Toxic to liver, kidney, brain, bone marrow, and nervous system.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, burning stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness. Garlic odor on breath and feces.
• External Exposure: Minimal.
• Chronic Exposure: Accumulates in body. Chronic headaches, dizziness, stomachaches, salivation, low fever, garlic breath.
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides, insecticides, acaricides, marine antifouling compounds, desiccants, herbicides, fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: COUMARINS, INDANDIONES, AND OTHER ANTICOAGULANTS

• Action on Human System: Prevents blood from clotting.
• Internal Exposure: Usually no reaction if low accidental dose ingested.
• External Exposure: Minimal.
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: SODIUM FLUOROACETATE

• Action on Human System: Extremely toxic. Affects heart tissue and brain.
• Internal Exposure: Stomach pain, vomiting, hallucination, nervousness.
• External Exposure: Minimal.
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ZINC PHOSPHIDE

• Action on Human System: Highly toxic: severe intestinal irritation; severe injury to liver, kidneys, nervous system, and heart.
• Internal Exposure: Intense nausea, stomach pain, excitement, chills, cough.
• External Exposure: Minimal
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: STRYCHNINE AND CRIMIDINE

• Action on Human System: Acts directly on cells in the brain and spinal cord to cause convulsions.
• Internal Exposure: Blue skin color; violent convulsions.
• External Exposure: Minimal
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: VACOR DLP-787

• Action on Human System: Very toxic; injures nervous system, brain, and area around the heart.
• Internal Exposure: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, chills, confusion, weakness, chest pains.
• External Exposure: Minimal.
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: RED SQUILL

• Action on Human System: Low toxicity.
• Internal Exposure: Prompt vomiting and nausea.
• External Exposure: Minimal
• Chronic Exposure: Excreted rapidly; not retained in body.
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ANTU AND NORBORMIDE

• Action on Human System: Selectively toxic to rats; toxic to humans only in huge suicidal doses.
• Internal Exposure: Blue skin, labored breathing.
• External Exposure: Minimal
• Chronic Exposure: Excreted rapidly; not retained in body.
• Type of Pesticide: Rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: SULFUR DIOXIDE, FORMALDEHYDE, CHLOROPICRIN, ANDACROLEIN

• Action on Human System: Strong irritant of lungs and throat.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, dizziness, nausea, wheezing, cough.
• External Exposure: Severe irritation of eyes, nose, throat. Blisters on skin.
• Type of Pesticide: Fumigants.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: METHYL BROMIDE, ETHYLENE OXIDE AND PROPYLENE OXIDE

• Action on Human System: Serious injury to lungs; injures nervous system.
• Internal Exposure: Coughing of frothy fluid; severe shortness of breath, drowsiness, shaking, weakness.
• External Exposure: Irritates eyes, nose, and throat.
• Chronic Exposure: Lack of coordination.
• Type of Pesticide: Fumigants.

CHEMICAL FMAILY: HALOCARBONS

• Action on Human System: Injures heart muscles; also injures lungs, brain, liver, and kidney.
• Internal Exposure: Shock, drowsiness, shaking, weakness.
• External Exposure: Irritates eyes, nose, and throat. Blisters and redness on skin.
• Chronic Exposure: Liver damage, weight loss, and jaundice.
• Type of Pesticide: Fumigants.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: HYDROGEN CYANIDE ACRYLONITRILE, AND SODIUM CYANIDE

• Action on Human System: Injury to brain and heart tissues.
• Internal Exposure: Headache, nausea, constriction of throat, dizziness, nervousness. Sudden unconsciousness.
• External Exposure: Irritant.
• Type of Pesticide: Fumigants, rodenticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: 4-AMINO-PYRIDINE PYRIDINE

• Action on Human System: Disrupts nervous system functions.
• Internal Exposure: Thirst, nausea, dizziness, weakness, excessive sweating.
• Type of Pesticide: Avicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: CHLORDIMEFORM

• Action on Human System: Bladder injury.
• Internal Exposure: Abdominal and back pain; painful urination; blood in urine.
• External Exposure: Skin rash; sweet taste in mouth.
• Type of Pesticide: Insecticides, miticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: COPPER SALTS AND ORGANIC COMPLEXES

• Action on Human System: Injured intestinal lining, brain, liver, kidneys, and blood.
• Internal Exposure: Prompt vomiting; burning pain in chest; diarrhea, headache, sweating.
• External Exposure: Irritates skin and eyes; damages mucous membranes.
• Type of Pesticide: Fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: CYCLOHEXIMIDE

• Action on Human System: Irritates stomach and intestine; injury to kidneys, brain lining, and nervous system.
• Internal exposure: Excitement, tremors, salivation, diarrhea.
• External Exposure: Minimal
• Type of Pesticide: Fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ENDOTHALL

• Action on Human System: Damages heart, blood vessels, nervous system, and intestinal lining.
• Internal Exposure: Convulsions, shock, lack of coordination.
• External Exposure: Irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides, algicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: NICOTINE SULFATE

• Action on Human System: Injures nervous system.
• Internal Exposure: Nausea, headache, diarrhea, dizziness, shaking, abdominal pain, lack of coordination, sweating, salivation.
• External Exposure: Minimal but readily absorbed through the skin.
• Type of Pesticide: Insecticides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ACETAMIDES

• Action on Human System: Irritants.
• External Exposure: Moderately irritating to skin and eyes.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ACETANILIDES

• Action on Human System: Irritants.
• External Exposure: Mild irritants; propachlor is a skin irritant and sensitizer.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ALIPHATIC ACIDS

• Action on Human System: Irritant
• External Exposure: Skin and eye irritants.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: BENZONITRILES LES

• Action on Human system: Irritant
• Internal Exposure: Moderately irritating to lungs.
• External Exposure: Moderately irritating to skin.
• Type of Pesticide: Fungicides, herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: CARBAMATES

• Action on Human System: Do not inhibit cholinesterase; mild irritants.
• External Exposure: Mild irritant to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides, fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: CARBANILATE

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Irritant and skin sensitizer.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: DICARBOXIMIDES

• Action on Human system: Irritant.
• External exposure: Skin irritant.
• Type of Pesticide: Fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: DINITROTOLUIDINE COMPOUNDS

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Slightly to moderately irritating to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: OXADIAZOLINONE

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Irritating to skin and eyes.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: PHTHALATE

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Mild irritant.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: PYRIDAZINONE

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Slightly irritating.
• Type of Pesticide: Growth Retardant.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: PHOSPHONOMETHYL GLYCINE

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• Internal Exposure: Irritates lungs.
• External Exposure: Irritates eyes.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicide.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: THIADIAZIN(OL)

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• Internal Exposure: Vomiting, diarrhea, shaking, and weakness caused by bentazon herbicides.
• External Exposure: Moderately irritating to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides, fungicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: TRIAZINES

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Mildly irritating to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: URACILS

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• Internal Exposure: Irritating to lungs.
• External Exposure: Irritating to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides.

CHEMICAL FAMILY: UREA DERIVATIVES

• Action on Human System: Irritant.
• External Exposure: Moderately irritating to skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Type of Pesticide: Herbicides, insecticides.